Merge branch 'master' into master
This commit is contained in:
David W Grossman
GitHub
commit
877af0d375
|
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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
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||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
# Set default behavior to automatically normalize line endings.
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
* text=auto
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
# Set default behavior for command prompt diff.
|
||||||
|
#
|
||||||
|
# This is need for earlier builds of msysgit that does not have it on by
|
||||||
|
# default for csharp files.
|
||||||
|
# Note: This is only used by command line
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
#*.cs diff=csharp
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
# Set the merge driver for project and solution files
|
||||||
|
#
|
||||||
|
# Merging from the command prompt will add diff markers to the files if there
|
||||||
|
# are conflicts (Merging from VS is not affected by the settings below, in VS
|
||||||
|
# the diff markers are never inserted). Diff markers may cause the following
|
||||||
|
# file extensions to fail to load in VS. An alternative would be to treat
|
||||||
|
# these files as binary and thus will always conflict and require user
|
||||||
|
# intervention with every merge. To do so, just uncomment the entries below
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
#*.sln merge=binary
|
||||||
|
#*.csproj merge=binary
|
||||||
|
#*.vbproj merge=binary
|
||||||
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#*.vcxproj merge=binary
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||||||
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#*.vcproj merge=binary
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||||||
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#*.dbproj merge=binary
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||||||
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#*.fsproj merge=binary
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||||||
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#*.lsproj merge=binary
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||||||
|
#*.wixproj merge=binary
|
||||||
|
#*.modelproj merge=binary
|
||||||
|
#*.sqlproj merge=binary
|
||||||
|
#*.wwaproj merge=binary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
# behavior for image files
|
||||||
|
#
|
||||||
|
# image files are treated as binary by default.
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
#*.jpg binary
|
||||||
|
#*.png binary
|
||||||
|
#*.gif binary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
# diff behavior for common document formats
|
||||||
|
#
|
||||||
|
# Convert binary document formats to text before diffing them. This feature
|
||||||
|
# is only available from the command line. Turn it on by uncommenting the
|
||||||
|
# entries below.
|
||||||
|
###############################################################################
|
||||||
|
#*.doc diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.DOC diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.docx diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.DOCX diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.dot diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.DOT diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.pdf diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.PDF diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
#*.rtf diff=astextplain
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||||||
|
#*.RTF diff=astextplain
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||||
|
language: python
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
python:
|
||||||
|
- 3.6
|
||||||
|
- nightly
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
install:
|
||||||
|
- pip install pipenv
|
||||||
|
- pipenv install --dev
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
script:
|
||||||
|
- pipenv run python -m unittest
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
|
||||||
# Learn Blockchains by Building One
|
# Learn Blockchains by Building One
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/dvf/blockchain)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is the source code for my post on [Building a Blockchain](https://medium.com/p/117428612f46).
|
This is the source code for my post on [Building a Blockchain](https://medium.com/p/117428612f46).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Installation
|
## Installation
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,21 +8,20 @@ import requests
|
||||||
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
|
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
class Blockchain(object):
|
class Blockchain:
|
||||||
def __init__(self):
|
def __init__(self):
|
||||||
self.current_transactions = []
|
self.current_transactions = []
|
||||||
self.chain = []
|
self.chain = []
|
||||||
self.nodes = set()
|
self.nodes = set()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Create the genesis block
|
# Create the genesis block
|
||||||
self.new_block(previous_hash=1, proof=100)
|
self.new_block(previous_hash='1', proof=100)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def register_node(self, address):
|
def register_node(self, address):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Add a new node to the list of nodes
|
Add a new node to the list of nodes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:param address: <str> Address of node. Eg. 'http://192.168.0.5:5000'
|
:param address: Address of node. Eg. 'http://192.168.0.5:5000'
|
||||||
:return: None
|
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
parsed_url = urlparse(address)
|
parsed_url = urlparse(address)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -32,8 +31,8 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Determine if a given blockchain is valid
|
Determine if a given blockchain is valid
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:param chain: <list> A blockchain
|
:param chain: A blockchain
|
||||||
:return: <bool> True if valid, False if not
|
:return: True if valid, False if not
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
last_block = chain[0]
|
last_block = chain[0]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
This is our consensus algorithm, it resolves conflicts
|
This is our consensus algorithm, it resolves conflicts
|
||||||
by replacing our chain with the longest one in the network.
|
by replacing our chain with the longest one in the network.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:return: <bool> True if our chain was replaced, False if not
|
:return: True if our chain was replaced, False if not
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
neighbours = self.nodes
|
neighbours = self.nodes
|
||||||
|
|
@ -91,13 +90,13 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return False
|
return False
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def new_block(self, proof, previous_hash=None):
|
def new_block(self, proof, previous_hash):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Create a new Block in the Blockchain
|
Create a new Block in the Blockchain
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:param proof: <int> The proof given by the Proof of Work algorithm
|
:param proof: The proof given by the Proof of Work algorithm
|
||||||
:param previous_hash: (Optional) <str> Hash of previous Block
|
:param previous_hash: Hash of previous Block
|
||||||
:return: <dict> New Block
|
:return: New Block
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
block = {
|
block = {
|
||||||
|
|
@ -118,10 +117,10 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Creates a new transaction to go into the next mined Block
|
Creates a new transaction to go into the next mined Block
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:param sender: <str> Address of the Sender
|
:param sender: Address of the Sender
|
||||||
:param recipient: <str> Address of the Recipient
|
:param recipient: Address of the Recipient
|
||||||
:param amount: <int> Amount
|
:param amount: Amount
|
||||||
:return: <int> The index of the Block that will hold this transaction
|
:return: The index of the Block that will hold this transaction
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
self.current_transactions.append({
|
self.current_transactions.append({
|
||||||
'sender': sender,
|
'sender': sender,
|
||||||
|
|
@ -140,8 +139,7 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Creates a SHA-256 hash of a Block
|
Creates a SHA-256 hash of a Block
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:param block: <dict> Block
|
:param block: Block
|
||||||
:return: <str>
|
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# We must make sure that the Dictionary is Ordered, or we'll have inconsistent hashes
|
# We must make sure that the Dictionary is Ordered, or we'll have inconsistent hashes
|
||||||
|
|
@ -176,6 +174,7 @@ class Blockchain(object):
|
||||||
:param proof: <int> Current Proof
|
:param proof: <int> Current Proof
|
||||||
:param last_hash: <str> The hash of the Previous Block
|
:param last_hash: <str> The hash of the Previous Block
|
||||||
:return: <bool> True if correct, False if not.
|
:return: <bool> True if correct, False if not.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
guess = f'{last_proof}{proof}{last_hash}'.encode()
|
guess = f'{last_proof}{proof}{last_hash}'.encode()
|
||||||
|
|
@ -208,7 +207,8 @@ def mine():
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Forge the new Block by adding it to the chain
|
# Forge the new Block by adding it to the chain
|
||||||
block = blockchain.new_block(proof)
|
previous_hash = blockchain.hash(last_block)
|
||||||
|
block = blockchain.new_block(proof, previous_hash)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
response = {
|
response = {
|
||||||
'message': "New Block Forged",
|
'message': "New Block Forged",
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||||
|
<configuration>
|
||||||
|
<startup>
|
||||||
|
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1"/>
|
||||||
|
</startup>
|
||||||
|
<appSettings>
|
||||||
|
<add key="host" value="localhost" />
|
||||||
|
<add key="port" value="12345" />
|
||||||
|
</appSettings>
|
||||||
|
</configuration>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||||
|
<Project ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
|
||||||
|
<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
|
||||||
|
<Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
|
||||||
|
<ProjectGuid>{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}</ProjectGuid>
|
||||||
|
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
|
||||||
|
<RootNamespace>BlockChainDemo.Console</RootNamespace>
|
||||||
|
<AssemblyName>BlockChainDemo.Console</AssemblyName>
|
||||||
|
<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5.1</TargetFrameworkVersion>
|
||||||
|
<FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
|
||||||
|
<AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>
|
||||||
|
<SccProjectName>SAK</SccProjectName>
|
||||||
|
<SccLocalPath>SAK</SccLocalPath>
|
||||||
|
<SccAuxPath>SAK</SccAuxPath>
|
||||||
|
<SccProvider>SAK</SccProvider>
|
||||||
|
<TargetFrameworkProfile />
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
|
||||||
|
<PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
|
||||||
|
<DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
|
||||||
|
<DebugType>full</DebugType>
|
||||||
|
<Optimize>false</Optimize>
|
||||||
|
<OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
|
||||||
|
<DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
|
||||||
|
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
|
||||||
|
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
|
||||||
|
<PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
|
||||||
|
<DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
|
||||||
|
<Optimize>true</Optimize>
|
||||||
|
<OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
|
||||||
|
<DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
|
||||||
|
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
|
||||||
|
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Core" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Data" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Net.Http" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Xml" />
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Program.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<None Include="App.config" />
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ProjectReference Include="..\BlockChain\BlockChain.csproj">
|
||||||
|
<Project>{e06fc4ce-77d0-4a64-94a6-32a08920e481}</Project>
|
||||||
|
<Name>BlockChain</Name>
|
||||||
|
</ProjectReference>
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
|
||||||
|
</Project>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo.Console
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
class Program
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
static void Main(string[] args)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var chain = new BlockChain();
|
||||||
|
var server = new WebServer(chain);
|
||||||
|
System.Console.Read();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
||||||
|
using System.Reflection;
|
||||||
|
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
|
||||||
|
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following
|
||||||
|
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
|
||||||
|
// associated with an assembly.
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyTitle("BlockChain.Console")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyProduct("BlockChain.Console")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © 2017")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible
|
||||||
|
// to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from
|
||||||
|
// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
|
||||||
|
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
|
||||||
|
[assembly: Guid("d0c795a0-6f20-4a8e-be44-801678754da4")]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// Major Version
|
||||||
|
// Minor Version
|
||||||
|
// Build Number
|
||||||
|
// Revision
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers
|
||||||
|
// by using the '*' as shown below:
|
||||||
|
// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
|
||||||
|
# Visual Studio 15
|
||||||
|
VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.27004.2008
|
||||||
|
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
|
||||||
|
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "BlockChain", "BlockChain\BlockChain.csproj", "{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}"
|
||||||
|
EndProject
|
||||||
|
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "BlockChain.Console", "BlockChain.Console\BlockChain.Console.csproj", "{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}"
|
||||||
|
EndProject
|
||||||
|
Global
|
||||||
|
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
|
||||||
|
Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
EndGlobalSection
|
||||||
|
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
|
||||||
|
{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
{D0C795A0-6F20-4A8E-BE44-801678754DA4}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
|
||||||
|
EndGlobalSection
|
||||||
|
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
|
||||||
|
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
|
||||||
|
EndGlobalSection
|
||||||
|
GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
|
||||||
|
SolutionGuid = {7FB3650B-CAFB-4A71-940B-0CA6F0377422}
|
||||||
|
EndGlobalSection
|
||||||
|
GlobalSection(TeamFoundationVersionControl) = preSolution
|
||||||
|
SccNumberOfProjects = 3
|
||||||
|
SccEnterpriseProvider = {4CA58AB2-18FA-4F8D-95D4-32DDF27D184C}
|
||||||
|
SccTeamFoundationServer = https://devfire.visualstudio.com/
|
||||||
|
SccLocalPath0 = .
|
||||||
|
SccProjectUniqueName1 = BlockChain\\BlockChain.csproj
|
||||||
|
SccProjectName1 = BlockChain
|
||||||
|
SccLocalPath1 = BlockChain
|
||||||
|
SccProjectUniqueName2 = BlockChain.Console\\BlockChain.Console.csproj
|
||||||
|
SccProjectName2 = BlockChain.Console
|
||||||
|
SccLocalPath2 = BlockChain.Console
|
||||||
|
EndGlobalSection
|
||||||
|
EndGlobal
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||||
|
using System;
|
||||||
|
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public class Block
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public int Index { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public List<Transaction> Transactions { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public int Proof { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public string PreviousHash { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public override string ToString()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
return $"{Index} [{Timestamp.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")}] Proof: {Proof} | PrevHash: {PreviousHash} | Trx: {Transactions.Count}";
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
|
||||||
|
using Newtonsoft.Json;
|
||||||
|
using System;
|
||||||
|
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||||
|
using System.Diagnostics;
|
||||||
|
using System.IO;
|
||||||
|
using System.Linq;
|
||||||
|
using System.Net;
|
||||||
|
using System.Security.Cryptography;
|
||||||
|
using System.Text;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public class BlockChain
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private List<Transaction> _currentTransactions = new List<Transaction>();
|
||||||
|
private List<Block> _chain = new List<Block>();
|
||||||
|
private List<Node> _nodes = new List<Node>();
|
||||||
|
private Block _lastBlock => _chain.Last();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public string NodeId { get; private set; }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//ctor
|
||||||
|
public BlockChain()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
NodeId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "");
|
||||||
|
CreateNewBlock(proof: 100, previousHash: "1"); //genesis block
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//private functionality
|
||||||
|
private void RegisterNode(string address)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
_nodes.Add(new Node { Address = new Uri(address) });
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private bool IsValidChain(List<Block> chain)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Block block = null;
|
||||||
|
Block lastBlock = chain.First();
|
||||||
|
int currentIndex = 1;
|
||||||
|
while (currentIndex < chain.Count)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
block = chain.ElementAt(currentIndex);
|
||||||
|
Debug.WriteLine($"{lastBlock}");
|
||||||
|
Debug.WriteLine($"{block}");
|
||||||
|
Debug.WriteLine("----------------------------");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//Check that the hash of the block is correct
|
||||||
|
if (block.PreviousHash != GetHash(lastBlock))
|
||||||
|
return false;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//Check that the Proof of Work is correct
|
||||||
|
if (!IsValidProof(lastBlock.Proof, block.Proof, lastBlock.PreviousHash))
|
||||||
|
return false;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
lastBlock = block;
|
||||||
|
currentIndex++;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return true;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private bool ResolveConflicts()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
List<Block> newChain = null;
|
||||||
|
int maxLength = _chain.Count;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
foreach (Node node in _nodes)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var url = new Uri(node.Address, "/chain");
|
||||||
|
var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
|
||||||
|
var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var model = new
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
chain = new List<Block>(),
|
||||||
|
length = 0
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
string json = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
|
||||||
|
var data = JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json, model);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (data.chain.Count > _chain.Count && IsValidChain(data.chain))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
maxLength = data.chain.Count;
|
||||||
|
newChain = data.chain;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (newChain != null)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
_chain = newChain;
|
||||||
|
return true;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return false;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private Block CreateNewBlock(int proof, string previousHash = null)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var block = new Block
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Index = _chain.Count,
|
||||||
|
Timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow,
|
||||||
|
Transactions = _currentTransactions.ToList(),
|
||||||
|
Proof = proof,
|
||||||
|
PreviousHash = previousHash ?? GetHash(_chain.Last())
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_currentTransactions.Clear();
|
||||||
|
_chain.Add(block);
|
||||||
|
return block;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private int CreateProofOfWork(int lastProof, string previousHash)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
int proof = 0;
|
||||||
|
while (!IsValidProof(lastProof, proof, previousHash))
|
||||||
|
proof++;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return proof;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private bool IsValidProof(int lastProof, int proof, string previousHash)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
string guess = $"{lastProof}{proof}{previousHash}";
|
||||||
|
string result = GetSha256(guess);
|
||||||
|
return result.StartsWith("0000");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private string GetHash(Block block)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
string blockText = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(block);
|
||||||
|
return GetSha256(blockText);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private string GetSha256(string data)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var sha256 = new SHA256Managed();
|
||||||
|
var hashBuilder = new StringBuilder();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
byte[] bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(data);
|
||||||
|
byte[] hash = sha256.ComputeHash(bytes);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
foreach (byte x in hash)
|
||||||
|
hashBuilder.Append($"{x:x2}");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return hashBuilder.ToString();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//web server calls
|
||||||
|
internal string Mine()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
int proof = CreateProofOfWork(_lastBlock.Proof, _lastBlock.PreviousHash);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
CreateTransaction(sender: "0", recipient: NodeId, amount: 1);
|
||||||
|
Block block = CreateNewBlock(proof /*, _lastBlock.PreviousHash*/);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var response = new
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Message = "New Block Forged",
|
||||||
|
Index = block.Index,
|
||||||
|
Transactions = block.Transactions.ToArray(),
|
||||||
|
Proof = block.Proof,
|
||||||
|
PreviousHash = block.PreviousHash
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
internal string GetFullChain()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var response = new
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
chain = _chain.ToArray(),
|
||||||
|
length = _chain.Count
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
internal string RegisterNodes(string[] nodes)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var builder = new StringBuilder();
|
||||||
|
foreach (string node in nodes)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
string url = $"http://{node}";
|
||||||
|
RegisterNode(url);
|
||||||
|
builder.Append($"{url}, ");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
builder.Insert(0, $"{nodes.Count()} new nodes have been added: ");
|
||||||
|
string result = builder.ToString();
|
||||||
|
return result.Substring(0, result.Length - 2);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
internal string Consensus()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
bool replaced = ResolveConflicts();
|
||||||
|
string message = replaced ? "was replaced" : "is authoritive";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var response = new
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Message = $"Our chain {message}",
|
||||||
|
Chain = _chain
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
internal int CreateTransaction(string sender, string recipient, int amount)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var transaction = new Transaction
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Sender = sender,
|
||||||
|
Recipient = recipient,
|
||||||
|
Amount = amount
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_currentTransactions.Add(transaction);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return _lastBlock != null ? _lastBlock.Index + 1 : 0;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||||
|
<Project ToolsVersion="14.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
|
||||||
|
<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
|
||||||
|
<Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
|
||||||
|
<ProjectGuid>{E06FC4CE-77D0-4A64-94A6-32A08920E481}</ProjectGuid>
|
||||||
|
<OutputType>Library</OutputType>
|
||||||
|
<AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
|
||||||
|
<RootNamespace>BlockChainDemo</RootNamespace>
|
||||||
|
<AssemblyName>BlockChainDemo</AssemblyName>
|
||||||
|
<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5.1</TargetFrameworkVersion>
|
||||||
|
<FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
|
||||||
|
<SccProjectName>SAK</SccProjectName>
|
||||||
|
<SccLocalPath>SAK</SccLocalPath>
|
||||||
|
<SccAuxPath>SAK</SccAuxPath>
|
||||||
|
<SccProvider>SAK</SccProvider>
|
||||||
|
<TargetFrameworkProfile />
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
|
||||||
|
<DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
|
||||||
|
<DebugType>full</DebugType>
|
||||||
|
<Optimize>false</Optimize>
|
||||||
|
<OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
|
||||||
|
<DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
|
||||||
|
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
|
||||||
|
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
|
||||||
|
<DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
|
||||||
|
<Optimize>true</Optimize>
|
||||||
|
<OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
|
||||||
|
<DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
|
||||||
|
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
|
||||||
|
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
|
||||||
|
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="Newtonsoft.Json, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=30ad4fe6b2a6aeed, processorArchitecture=MSIL">
|
||||||
|
<HintPath>..\packages\Newtonsoft.Json.10.0.3\lib\net45\Newtonsoft.Json.dll</HintPath>
|
||||||
|
</Reference>
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.configuration" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Core" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Data" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Net.Http" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="System.Xml" />
|
||||||
|
<Reference Include="TinyWebServer, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, processorArchitecture=MSIL">
|
||||||
|
<HintPath>..\packages\TinyWebServer.dll.1.0.1\lib\net40\TinyWebServer.dll</HintPath>
|
||||||
|
</Reference>
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Block.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="BlockChain.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Node.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="Transaction.cs" />
|
||||||
|
<Compile Include="WebServer.cs" />
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<None Include="packages.config" />
|
||||||
|
</ItemGroup>
|
||||||
|
<Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
|
||||||
|
<!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it.
|
||||||
|
Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
|
||||||
|
<Target Name="BeforeBuild">
|
||||||
|
</Target>
|
||||||
|
<Target Name="AfterBuild">
|
||||||
|
</Target>
|
||||||
|
-->
|
||||||
|
</Project>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||||
|
using System;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public class Node
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public Uri Address { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
||||||
|
using System.Reflection;
|
||||||
|
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
|
||||||
|
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following
|
||||||
|
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
|
||||||
|
// associated with an assembly.
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyTitle("BlockChain")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyProduct("BlockChain")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © 2017")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible
|
||||||
|
// to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from
|
||||||
|
// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
|
||||||
|
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
|
||||||
|
[assembly: Guid("e06fc4ce-77d0-4a64-94a6-32a08920e481")]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// Major Version
|
||||||
|
// Minor Version
|
||||||
|
// Build Number
|
||||||
|
// Revision
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers
|
||||||
|
// by using the '*' as shown below:
|
||||||
|
// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
|
||||||
|
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public class Transaction
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public int Amount { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public string Recipient { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
public string Sender { get; set; }
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||||
|
using Newtonsoft.Json;
|
||||||
|
using System.Configuration;
|
||||||
|
using System.IO;
|
||||||
|
using System.Net;
|
||||||
|
using System.Net.Http;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
namespace BlockChainDemo
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public class WebServer
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public WebServer(BlockChain chain)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var settings = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings;
|
||||||
|
string host = settings["host"]?.Length > 1 ? settings["host"] : "localhost";
|
||||||
|
string port = settings["port"]?.Length > 1 ? settings["port"] : "12345";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var server = new TinyWebServer.WebServer(request =>
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
string path = request.Url.PathAndQuery.ToLower();
|
||||||
|
string query = "";
|
||||||
|
string json = "";
|
||||||
|
if (path.Contains("?"))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
string[] parts = path.Split('?');
|
||||||
|
path = parts[0];
|
||||||
|
query = parts[1];
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
switch (path)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
//GET: http://localhost:12345/mine
|
||||||
|
case "/mine":
|
||||||
|
return chain.Mine();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//POST: http://localhost:12345/transactions/new
|
||||||
|
//{ "Amount":123, "Recipient":"ebeabf5cc1d54abdbca5a8fe9493b479", "Sender":"31de2e0ef1cb4937830fcfd5d2b3b24f" }
|
||||||
|
case "/transactions/new":
|
||||||
|
if (request.HttpMethod != HttpMethod.Post.Method)
|
||||||
|
return $"{new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.MethodNotAllowed)}";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
json = new StreamReader(request.InputStream).ReadToEnd();
|
||||||
|
Transaction trx = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Transaction>(json);
|
||||||
|
int blockId = chain.CreateTransaction(trx.Sender, trx.Recipient, trx.Amount);
|
||||||
|
return $"Your transaction will be included in block {blockId}";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//GET: http://localhost:12345/chain
|
||||||
|
case "/chain":
|
||||||
|
return chain.GetFullChain();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//POST: http://localhost:12345/nodes/register
|
||||||
|
//{ "Urls": ["localhost:54321", "localhost:54345", "localhost:12321"] }
|
||||||
|
case "/nodes/register":
|
||||||
|
if (request.HttpMethod != HttpMethod.Post.Method)
|
||||||
|
return $"{new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.MethodNotAllowed)}";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
json = new StreamReader(request.InputStream).ReadToEnd();
|
||||||
|
var urlList = new { Urls = new string[0] };
|
||||||
|
var obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json, urlList);
|
||||||
|
return chain.RegisterNodes(obj.Urls);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
//GET: http://localhost:12345/nodes/resolve
|
||||||
|
case "/nodes/resolve":
|
||||||
|
return chain.Consensus();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return "";
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
$"http://{host}:{port}/mine/",
|
||||||
|
$"http://{host}:{port}/transactions/new/",
|
||||||
|
$"http://{host}:{port}/chain/",
|
||||||
|
$"http://{host}:{port}/nodes/register/",
|
||||||
|
$"http://{host}:{port}/nodes/resolve/"
|
||||||
|
);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
server.Run();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||||
|
<packages>
|
||||||
|
<package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="10.0.3" targetFramework="net451" />
|
||||||
|
<package id="TinyWebServer.dll" version="1.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
|
||||||
|
</packages>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
||||||
|
import hashlib
|
||||||
|
import json
|
||||||
|
from unittest import TestCase
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
from blockchain import Blockchain
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class BlockchainTestCase(TestCase):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def setUp(self):
|
||||||
|
self.blockchain = Blockchain()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def create_block(self, proof=123, previous_hash='abc'):
|
||||||
|
self.blockchain.new_block(proof, previous_hash)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def create_transaction(self, sender='a', recipient='b', amount=1):
|
||||||
|
self.blockchain.new_transaction(
|
||||||
|
sender=sender,
|
||||||
|
recipient=recipient,
|
||||||
|
amount=amount
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class TestRegisterNodes(BlockchainTestCase):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_valid_nodes(self):
|
||||||
|
blockchain = Blockchain()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
blockchain.register_node('http://192.168.0.1:5000')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
self.assertIn('192.168.0.1:5000', blockchain.nodes)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_malformed_nodes(self):
|
||||||
|
blockchain = Blockchain()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
blockchain.register_node('http//192.168.0.1:5000')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
self.assertNotIn('192.168.0.1:5000', blockchain.nodes)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_idempotency(self):
|
||||||
|
blockchain = Blockchain()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
blockchain.register_node('http://192.168.0.1:5000')
|
||||||
|
blockchain.register_node('http://192.168.0.1:5000')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
assert len(blockchain.nodes) == 1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class TestBlocksAndTransactions(BlockchainTestCase):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_block_creation(self):
|
||||||
|
self.create_block()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
latest_block = self.blockchain.last_block
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# The genesis block is create at initialization, so the length should be 2
|
||||||
|
assert len(self.blockchain.chain) == 2
|
||||||
|
assert latest_block['index'] == 2
|
||||||
|
assert latest_block['timestamp'] is not None
|
||||||
|
assert latest_block['proof'] == 123
|
||||||
|
assert latest_block['previous_hash'] == 'abc'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_create_transaction(self):
|
||||||
|
self.create_transaction()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
transaction = self.blockchain.current_transactions[-1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
assert transaction
|
||||||
|
assert transaction['sender'] == 'a'
|
||||||
|
assert transaction['recipient'] == 'b'
|
||||||
|
assert transaction['amount'] == 1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_block_resets_transactions(self):
|
||||||
|
self.create_transaction()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
initial_length = len(self.blockchain.current_transactions)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
self.create_block()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
current_length = len(self.blockchain.current_transactions)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
assert initial_length == 1
|
||||||
|
assert current_length == 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_return_last_block(self):
|
||||||
|
self.create_block()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
created_block = self.blockchain.last_block
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
assert len(self.blockchain.chain) == 2
|
||||||
|
assert created_block is self.blockchain.chain[-1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class TestHashingAndProofs(BlockchainTestCase):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def test_hash_is_correct(self):
|
||||||
|
self.create_block()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
new_block = self.blockchain.last_block
|
||||||
|
new_block_json = json.dumps(self.blockchain.last_block, sort_keys=True).encode()
|
||||||
|
new_hash = hashlib.sha256(new_block_json).hexdigest()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
assert len(new_hash) == 64
|
||||||
|
assert new_hash == self.blockchain.hash(new_block)
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue